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Convex Lens Ray Diagram
Principal Focus · Object Distance · Real vs Virtual Images
Real, Inverted Image
▶ Drag the object (arrow) or use sliders to adjust focal length and distance
Object Distance (u)
250 px
Focal Length (f)
120 px
Object Height (hₒ)
60 px
Magnification (m)
—
Summary: Real Inverted Enlarged dₒ > 2f f < v < 2f
Image Nature
Real
Image Position (v)
—
Image Height (hᵢ)
—
Lens Formula
1/f = 1/v + 1/u
m = -v/u

Key Concepts & Formulas

Ray Diagram Rules

  • Ray parallel to axis passes through focus.
  • Ray through optical center passes undeviated.
  • Ray through focus becomes parallel to axis.
  • Dashed lines represent virtual extensions.

Essential Formulas

1/f = 1/v + 1/u m = hᵢ / hₒ P = 1/f (m)

Variable Meanings

  • u = Object distance   v = Image distance
  • f = Focal length   m = Magnification